Car oils and fluids spare parts

Oils and fluids – comprehensive guide to spare parts, operation, fitting, troubleshooting, and upkeep

Oils and fluids are used in many systems and can perform various functions: they can drive, lubricate, cool, or clean parts of the car. Some of them perform several tasks at once. Wherever they are used, their condition directly affects the performance of the whole system.

Operating principle of oils and fluids

Oil is used in the lubrication system first and foremost to prevent contacting parts from wearing out. It also removes carbon deposits from their surface, protects them from corrosion, and transfers heat away. Oil performs the same functions in manual transmissions, rear axle differential assemblies, and other units.

In automatic gearboxes, transmission fluid is used to distribute torque between the turbine and impeller of a torque converter: The former is connected to the engine flywheel and the latter to the transmission shafts. It also cools down, cleans, and lubricates the elements of the transmission.

In the braking system, fluid transfers pressure from the pedal to the pistons of the wheel cylinders or calipers. Oil in the clutch actuation system has the same operating principle. The working principle of hydraulic power steering is based on the ability of some products to resist compression and to transfer force between assemblies.

The main function of the coolant used in the cooling system is to transfer heat from hot components. Coolant has its own cycle: It finds its way to the engine through special channels, then continues on to the radiator and cools down there via the heat exchange processes.

Agents used in the headlight and windscreen washing systems are designed to remove dirt from the treated surfaces.

Maintenance tips

1. Replace oils and fluids on time. They have a limited service life. Even if you don’t use your car, you still have to change them after a while.
2. Install new filters every time you replace the working fluid. Otherwise, the procedure will be useless as the filter accumulates lots of contaminants.
3. Make sure the system is air-tight. The air in the system causes many malfunctions. The impaired integrity of a system may lead to airlocks. Along with air, moisture and dirt may enter. This reduces the efficiency of the system.
4. Avoid slipping of the automatic transmission. This leads to wear and tear of friction plates and causes the gearbox to overheat.
5. Only use high-quality fuel. Otherwise, carbon deposits may form on the engine’s parts, and the lubricant may become contaminated sooner than expected.
6. Be careful with additives. Make sure they are compatible with the seals and gaskets used in the system.
7. Do not mix two products with different compositions. They might contain incompatible components.

Signs of deteriorated oils and fluids

Reduced efficiency of the system they’re used in is a sign of products losing their properties. For example, you’ll have to apply more force to operate the braking, clutch, and hydraulic power steering systems. It may become more difficult to press the pedal or turn the steering wheel, or their free travel may increase. This usually indicates airlocks in the system or an increased water concentration in the medium. Contaminated coolant clogs radiator channels, thus causing the engine to overheat. The symptoms of deteriorated lubricant are carbon deposits on the spark plugs or a blue-grey or bluish smoke coming out of the exhaust pipe.

Causes of the loss of working properties

Oils and fluids may be contaminated earlier than expected due to improper use of the vehicle. For example, aggressive driving, slipping wheels in vehicles equipped with automatic transmission, and excessive loads may result in an accelerated abrasive wear of the components and allow their wear products to accumulate in the medium.

Many chemicals contain corrosion inhibitors. In the course of time, they degrade and their concentration falls. This leads to the corrosion of the elements and, as a result, a contamination of the working fluid with corrosion products.

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